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2008-11-21

俄羅斯非游離輻射防護委員會:孩童和手機--下一代的健康有危機

翻譯:鄭美莉

這是在歷史上首次面臨的情況:全世界的孩童和青少年持續不斷地暴露在手機電磁輻射的潛在影響環境中。

電磁輻射是一種重要的生物性質影響因子,影響的不只是人體健康,也影響高層次的神經活動過程,包括行為的過程和思考的過程。當人們使用手機時,電磁波直接影響著人腦。

雖然衛生部門所列的公衛原則建議十八歲以下的人不該使用手機(SanPiN 2.1.8/2.2.4.1190-03 point 6.9),但是,孩童和青少年已經成為手機通訊市場中的目標族群。

目前針對手機的微波暴露量所訂的標準是以成人為對象而建立的,並沒有考慮到還同器官的特性。世界衛生組織將”保護孩童健康免於手機電磁輻射可能造成的負面影響”的工作視為首要任務。這個也得到歐洲科學協會、歐洲和亞洲國家當局、電磁輻射之生物影響國際科學研討會的確認。

下列為對於孩童健康之高潛在風險的因素:
--孩童的頭部和成人的頭部相比較,孩童頭部的電磁波吸收率是比較高的(孩童腦部的導電性較高,頭部比較小,頭骨較薄,距離天線較近)

--孩童的器官比成人的器官對電磁輻射敏感
--在電磁輻射的長期暴露之下,孩童的腦部對於累積產生的負面影響較為敏感
--電磁輻射會影響高層次神經活動的形成
--今日的孩童使用手機的時間比成人還長

根據俄羅斯非游離輻射防護委員會的意見,使用手機的孩童在未來可能會面臨下列健康危害:記憶中斷、專注力降低、學習能力和認知能力下降、易怒、睡眠問題、壓力敏感程度提高、癲癇發作機率提高。

預期(可能)的長期健康風險:腦瘤、聽神經瘤(年齡為25-30歲)、阿茲海默症、癡呆症、憂鬱症、其他腦神經結構退化(年齡為50-60歲)。

俄羅斯非游離輻射委員會的成員強調,保護孩童之健康使他們免於手機通訊之電磁輻射所造成的影響,是刻不容緩的工作,委員會呼籲政府有關單位以及社會大眾正視這威脅,採取適當的措施以避免未來世代的健康遭受負面的後果。

使用手機的孩童並不瞭解腦部暴露電磁波的作用,使得健康處於危險。筆者相信:這樣的危險不亞於菸酒的危害,如果毫無作為,即有失專家的職責。
署名:俄羅斯國家非游離輻射防護委員會主席

Russian National Committee on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection
CHILDREN AND MOBILE PHONES:
THE HEALTH OF THE FOLLOWING GENERATIONS IS IN DANGER
Moscow, Russia 14 April 2008

For the first time in history, we face a situation when most children and teenagers in the world are continuously exposed to the potentially adverse influence of the electromagnetic fields (EMF) from mobile phones.

Electromagnetic field is an important biotropic factor, affecting not just a human health in general, but also the processes of the higher nervous activity, including behavior and thinking. Radiation directly affects human brain when people use mobile phones.

Despite the recommendations, listed in the Sanitary Rules of the Ministry of Health, which insist that persons under 18 years should not use mobile phones (SanPiN 2.1.8/2.2.4.1190-03 point 6.9), children and teenagers became the target group for the marketing the mobile communications.

The current safety standards for exposure to microwaves from the mobile phones have been developed for the adults and don’t consider the characteristic features of the children’s organism. The WHO considers the protection of the children’s health from possible negative influence of the EMF of the mobile phones as a highest priority task. This problem has also been confirmed by the Scientific Committee of the European Commission, by national authorities of the European and Asian countries, by participants of the International scientific conferences on biological effects of the EMF.

Potential risk for the children’s health is very high:
─ the absorption of the electromagnetic energy in a child’s head is considerably higher than that in the head of an adult (children’s brain has higher conductivity, smaller size, thin skull bones, smaller distance from the antenna etc.);
─ children’s organism has more sensitivity to the EMF, than the adult’s;
─ children’s brain has higher sensitivity to the accumulation of the adverse effects under
conditions of chronic exposure to the EMF;
─ EMF affects the formation of the process of the higher nervous activity;
─ today’s children will spend essentially longer time using mobile phones, than today’s adults will.

According to the opinion of the Russian National Committee on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection, the following health hazards are likely to be faced by the children mobile phone users in the nearest future: disruption of memory, decline of attention, diminishing learning and cognitive abilities, increased irritability, sleep problems, increase in sensitivity to the stress, increased epileptic readiness.

Expected (possible) remote health risks: brain tumors, tumors of acoustical and vestibular
nerves (in the age of 25-30 years), Alzheimer’s disease, “got dementia”, depressive syndrome, and the other types of degeneration of the nervous structures of the brain (in the age of 50 to 60).

The members of the Russian National Committee on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection emphasize ultimate urgency to defend children’s health from the influence of the EMF of the mobile communication systems. We appeal to the government authorities, to the entire society to pay closest attention to this coming threat and to take adequate measures in order to prevent negative consequences to the future generation’s health.

The children using mobile communication are not able to realize that they subject their brain to the EMF radiation and their health – to the risk. We believe that this risk is not much lower than the risk to the children’s health from tobacco or alcohol. It is our professional obligation not to let damage the children’s health by inactivity.

On behalf of members of Russian National Committee on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection
Chairman, professor

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